Preventing Dental Disease in Rabbits Through Diet and Care

Dental disease is the most common health issue in pet rabbits—up to 80% develop malocclusion or overgrown molars by age three. As a long-time rabbit rescuer and certified exotic animal nutritionist, I’ve advised owners on dietary formulations and at-home care practices that dramatically reduce dental problems. This guide outlines nutritional and preventative strategies to ensure your lop-eared friend enjoys lifelong oral health.

1. Unlimited Grass Hay for Occlusion

High-fiber grass hays (orchard, timothy) promote natural chewing that wears down incisors and molars evenly. Provide fresh hay at all times; aim for a daily volume equal to at least one stack of your arm.

2. Raw, Vegetable Sticks for Gnawing

• Safe options: Unpeeled carrot sticks, celery stalks, and dandelion greens.

• Frequency: Offer small amounts (1–2 sticks) daily to encourage lateral chewing motions.

3. Pelleted Diet as Supplemental Fuel

Select a timothy-based pelleted feed with ≥25% crude fiber and <12% fat. Limit to 1/8 cup per 2 lbs body weight to prevent obesity and ensure hay remains primary diet component.

4. Wood Blocks and Safe Chew Toys

Natural apple-wood blocks (untreated, pesticide-free) provide textured surfaces for grinding. Rotate different chew toys weekly to prevent boredom and uneven wear.

5. Regular Oral Exams at Home

Gently open your rabbit’s mouth monthly, using a finger to palpate molars. Look for rough spots, spurs, or drooling. Early detection leads to simple filing under sedation rather than extensive surgery.

6. Professional Dental Care

If you notice drooling, weight loss, or decreased appetite, seek a rabbit-savvy veterinarian. They may recommend dental trimming or x-rays to assess root elongation.

Conclusion:
By centering your rabbit’s diet on high-fiber hay, complemented with raw sticks and safe chew toys, you mimic wild foraging behaviors that naturally maintain dental health. Coupled with regular home exams and professional checkups, these strategies dramatically lower the risk of painful oral diseases.